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Subgroups of Amish
Subgroups of Amish developed over the years, as Amish churches have divided many times over doctrinal disputes. The 'Old Order' Amish, a conservative faction that withdrew from fellowship with the wider body of Amish in the 1860s, are those that have most emphasized traditional practices and beliefs. There are many different subgroups of Amish with most belonging, in ascending order of conservatism, to the Beachy Amish, New Order, Old Order, or Swartzentruber Amish groups.
== Amish affiliations ==
Donald B. Kraybill, Karen M. Johnson-Weiner and Steven M. Nolt speak in their book "The Amish" of different Amish ''affiliations''. They define an affiliation as "a cluster of two ore more districts with at least twenty years of shared history". They continue "affiliated congregations share similar Ordnungs, which specify distinctive lifestyles and visible symbols that set them apart from other affiliations". When referring to affiliations Amish themselves speak of "our people" (''unser Leit'') and "our way" to do things. By 2012 there were more than 40 affiliations, with smaller subgroups within some affiliations counted, there were more than 65. In addition to that there were more than 130 fairly independent congregations.
The majority of affiliations reflects the different local ''Ordnungen'' (Orders) in different Amish settlement, e.g. Lancaster, Elkhart-LaGrange or Holmes Old Order. Other affiliations are the result of splits over major questions, such as shunning and reflect Ordnungen, that are either more conservative or more progressive than the Old Order mainstream. Examples for that are the Swartzentruber, Andy Weaver, Troyer and New Order Amish.
Kraybill et al. give the following table of "Amish affiliations Ranked by Number and Church Districts, 2011":〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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